EXPRESSION AND TERMS OF LETTER OF CREDIT 從形式上來看,信用證只是一封普通的商業(yè)信函。它的格式和內(nèi)容多種多樣,不同的國(guó)家、不同的銀行開立的信用證各有不同。但是其中的內(nèi)容基本相同,一般可分為十大部分。 (一)、各方當(dāng)事人在信用證中的表述文句(THEXPRESSION AND TERMS OF LETTER OF CREDIT
從形式上來看,信用證只是一封普通的商業(yè)信函。它的格式和內(nèi)容多種多樣,不同的國(guó)家、不同的銀行開立的信用證各有不同。但是其中的內(nèi)容基本相同,一般可分為十大部分。
(一)、各方當(dāng)事人在信用證中的表述文句(THE PARTIES CONCERNING TO THE CREDIT)
⑴開證人(The Applicant for the credit)
在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中,信用證的開立是由進(jìn)口商向銀行申請(qǐng)辦理的。所以開證人指的就是進(jìn)口商。信用證中用的詞匯和詞組常常是這樣的:
Applicant/Principal/Accountee/ Accreditor / Opener
At the request of……… 應(yīng)。。。。。的請(qǐng)求
By order of………… 按。。。。。的指示
For account of……… 由。。。。。付款
At the request of and for……. 應(yīng)。。。。。的請(qǐng)求
Account of …….. 并由。。。。付款
By order of and for account of ………. 按。。。的指示并由。。。付款
⑵受益人(The beneficiary)
在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中,受益人一般就是出口商。信用證中常見的詞匯或詞組有:
Beneficiary 受益人
In favour of ……. 以。。。為受益人
In your favour…….. 以你方為受益人
Transferor……… 轉(zhuǎn)讓人(可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證的第一受益人)
Transferee………. 受讓人(可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證的第二受益人)
⑶開證行(The Opening Bank)
應(yīng)開證人要求開立信用證的銀行叫開證行。在信用證中常見的詞匯和詞組有:
Opening Bank
Issuing Bank
Establishing Bank
①通知行(Advising Bank)
開證行將信用證寄送的一家受益人所在地的銀行,并通過該銀行通知受益人信用證開出,這家銀行就是通知行。在信用證中常見的詞匯和詞組有:
Advising Bank
Notifying Bank
Advised through
②議付行(The Negotiation bank)
議付行就是購(gòu)買出口商的匯票及審核信用證項(xiàng)下規(guī)定單據(jù)的銀行。信用證中常見的詞匯或詞組有:
Negotiation Bank
Honouring Bank
③付款行(Paying Bank)
付款行就是經(jīng)開證行授權(quán)按信用證規(guī)定的條件向受益人付款的銀行.
Paying Bank
Drawee Bank
④保兌行(confirming Bank)
保兌行就是對(duì)開證行開立的信用證進(jìn)行保兌的銀行,通常以 通知行作為保兌行,或者是第三家銀行。保兌行與開證行一樣承擔(dān)著第一性的付款責(zé)任。
⑻、承兌行(Accepting Bank)
(二)、信用證議付的有效期和到期地點(diǎn)(Validity and Place of Expiry)的表述文句
信用證中常見的議付有效期和到期地點(diǎn)的描述常常是這樣的:
1、直接寫明到期日和到期地點(diǎn)名稱
Expiry date: March.07,2004 in the country of the beneficiary for negotiation.
此信用證的有效期: 2004年3月7日前,在受益人國(guó)家議付有效。
Expiry dae: May.06,2004 Place CHINA. 信用證到期日:2004年5月6日,地點(diǎn):中國(guó)
This credit remains valid/force/good in China until March.08,2004 inclusive.
本信用證在中國(guó)限至2004年3月8日前有效(最后一天包括在內(nèi))。
Drafts must be presented to the negotiating (or drawee)bank not later than Oct.10 ,2004.
匯票不得遲于2004年10月10日議付。
This Letter of Credit is valid for negotiation in China until Oct.16,2004.
本信用證于2004年10月16日止在中國(guó)議付有效。
Expiry date July.17,2004 in the country of the beneficiary unless otherwise stated.
除非信用證另有規(guī)定,本證于2004年7月17日在受益人國(guó)家到期。
Drafts drawn under this credit must be negotiated in China on or before Sep.03,2004 after which date this credit expires.
憑本證項(xiàng)下開具的匯票要在2004年9月3日或該日以前在中國(guó)議付,該日以后本證失效。
This credit is available for negotiation or payment abroad until Nov.17,2004.
此證在國(guó)外議付或付款的日期到2004年11月17日。
This credit shall remain in force until Oct.10,2004 in China.
此證到2004年10月10日為止在中國(guó)有效。
2、也有的信用證是以“交單日期”、“匯票日期”等來表達(dá)信用證的有效期限的。
This credit shall cease to be available for negotiation of beneficiary’s drafts after Mar.08,2004.
本信用證受益人的匯票在2004年3月8日前議付有效。
Bill of exchange must be negotiated within 15 days from the date of Bill of Lading but not later than 05.May,2004.
匯票須自提單日期起15天內(nèi)議付,但不得遲于2004年5月6日。
Negotiation must be on or before the 15rh day of shipment.
自裝船日起15天或之前議付。
Documents must be presented for negotiation within 10 days after shipment date.
單據(jù)須在裝船后10天內(nèi)提示議付。
Documents to be presented to negotiation bank within 15 days after shipment effected.
單據(jù)須在裝船后15天內(nèi)交給銀行議付。
(三)、信用證的金額和幣制(Amount and Currency of Credit)的表述文句
信用證的金額和幣制是信用證的核心內(nèi)容,在信用證中的表達(dá)方式大致相似:
Amount USD2,000.00 金額,美元2,000。00元
For an amount USD……. 美元金額………元
A sum not exceeding total of USD……. 總金額不超過………美元
Up to an aggregate amount of USD…….. 總金額…………美元
(四)、信用證中常見的匯票條款
This credit is available with any Bank in China by negotiation drafts at sight Drawee Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Ltd, London.
此信用證在中國(guó)境內(nèi)任何銀行議付有效,即期匯票,以香港上海匯豐銀行倫敦分行作為付款人。
All drafts drawn under this credit must contain the clause:“Drawn under Bank of China, Paris credit No.198393 dated 15th.May,2004”.
所有憑本信用證開具的匯票,均須包括本條款:“(本匯票)憑巴黎中國(guó)銀行2004年5月15日所開出第198393號(hào)信用證開具”。
Drafts are to be drawn induplicate to our order bearing the clause“Drawn under Bank of China, Singapore Irrevocable Letter of Credit No.194956 dated July.17, 2003”.
匯票一式二份,以我行為抬頭,并注明“根據(jù)中國(guó)銀行新加坡分行2003年7月17日第194956號(hào)不可撤銷信用證項(xiàng)下開立”。
Drafts drawn under this credit must be presented for negotiation in Hangzhou, China on or before 25rh.June,2004.
憑本信用證開具的匯票須于2004年6月25日前(包括25日這一天在內(nèi))在中國(guó)杭州提交議付。
Drafts are to be drawn under this credit to be marked “Drawn under Bank of China, New York L/C No. 1956717 dated May.06,2004
根據(jù)本證開出的匯票須注明“憑中國(guó)銀行紐約分行2004年5月6日第1956717號(hào)不可撤銷信用證項(xiàng)下開立”。
Drafts in duplicate at sight bearing the clauses “Drawn under Bank of China, Hongkong L/C No. 198393 dated July.17,2004”.
即期匯票一式二份,注明“根據(jù)中國(guó)銀行香港分行信用證198393號(hào),日期2004年7月17日開具”。
Drafts bearing the clause“Drawn under documentary credit No. 19181117 of Bank of China, Dubai Branch”.
匯票注明“根據(jù)中國(guó)銀行遒拜分行跟單信用證第19181117號(hào)項(xiàng)下開立”。
填寫匯票時(shí)一般要注意的事項(xiàng)是:
匯票金額不能超過信用證規(guī)定的金額,如果信用證金額前有“大約”(ABOUT、CIRCA)或類似意義的詞語(yǔ)(如 APPROXIMATELY)時(shí),應(yīng)解釋為信用證允許有不得超過10%的增減幅度。
例如:信用證規(guī)定 ABOUT USD10,000。00,則交來的匯票金額不得超過USD11,000。00,也不能低于USD9,000。00。
(五)信用證中貨物描述(Description of Goods)的文句
信用證中貨物描述欄里的內(nèi)容一般包括貨名、品質(zhì)、數(shù)量、單價(jià)、價(jià)格術(shù)語(yǔ)等。
裝運(yùn)港交貨的三個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)最常用:CIF、 CFR、 FOB。 還有FCA、 CIP、CPT等等也常在信用證和合同中出現(xiàn)。 (六)信用證中單據(jù)條款(Clauses on Documents)的描述
信用證項(xiàng)下要求提交的單據(jù)多種多樣,但是通常信用證要求的單據(jù)有如下幾種:
1、 匯票(Bill of Exchange);
2、 商業(yè)發(fā)票(Commercial Invoice);
3、 原產(chǎn)地證書(Certificate of origin);
4、 提單(Bill of Lading);
5、 保單(Insurance Policy);
6、 檢驗(yàn)證書(Inspection Certificate);
7、 受益人證明書(Beneficiary’s certificate);
8、 裝箱單(Packing List)或重量單(Weight list)等等。
信用證中常見的要求提供單據(jù)的條款一般是這樣打的:
Documents required as following 須提交以下單據(jù)。
Documents marked“X”below 須提交下列注有“X”標(biāo)志的單據(jù)。
Drafts must be accompanied by the following documents marked “X”
匯票須隨附下列注有“X”標(biāo)志的單據(jù)。
….available against surrender of the following documents bearing the credit number and the full
議付時(shí)以提交下列注明本信用證編號(hào)及開證人詳細(xì)姓名、地址的各項(xiàng)單據(jù)為有效。
單據(jù)要求提交的份數(shù),一般有這樣表示的:“in duplicate”,解釋為“一式二份”,以下類推(triplicate, quadruplicate, quintuplicate, sextuplicate, septuplicate, octuplicate,nonuplicate,decuplicate)。
例如: Signed Commercial Invoice in duplicate. 簽字商業(yè)發(fā)票一式二份。
(七)、信用證中“ 裝運(yùn)條款”(Clauses on Shipment)的表述詞語(yǔ)
信用證中顯示的裝運(yùn)條款通常包括裝運(yùn)期限、是否允許分批和轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)以及起訖地點(diǎn)的規(guī)定。
1、裝運(yùn)期(DATE OF SHIPMENT)
根據(jù)國(guó)際商會(huì)500號(hào)規(guī)則的規(guī)定,如使用“于或約于”之類詞語(yǔ)限定裝運(yùn)日期,銀行視為在所述日期前后各5天內(nèi)裝運(yùn),起訖日包括在內(nèi)。信用證中常見的裝運(yùn)條款一般有:Shipment from Chinese port to New York not later than Mar.08,2004.
自中國(guó)口岸裝運(yùn)貨物駛往紐約,不得遲于2004年3月 8日。
Shipment must be effected not later than May.06,2004. 貨物不得遲于2004年5月6日。
Bill of Lading must be dated not before the date of this credit and no later than July.17,2004.
提單日期不得早于本信用證開具日期,但不得遲于2004年7月17日。
Shipment from Chinese main port for transshipment to Osaka, Japan.
自中國(guó)主要港運(yùn)往日本大畈。
Loading in charge: Shanghai China for transport to Dublin,Ireland ,latest date of shipment Sep.03,2004.
由中國(guó)上海裝運(yùn)至愛爾蘭都柏林,最遲裝運(yùn)日期為2004年9月3日。
也有的信用證上只是簡(jiǎn)單打上:Latest date of shipment: Mar.08,2004.
最遲裝運(yùn)日期:2004年3月8日。
Shipment to be effected from China for transportation to Colombo,Sri Lanka not later than May.06,2004.
從中國(guó)裝運(yùn)到斯里蘭卡科倫坡不得遲于2004年5月6日。
2、分批/轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)條款(Partial Shipments/Transshipment)在信用證中的表述
根據(jù)《UCP500》規(guī)定,除非信用證另有規(guī)定,允許分批裝運(yùn)、分批支款,也允許轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)。運(yùn)輸單據(jù)表面注明貨物系使用同一運(yùn)輸工具并經(jīng)同一路線運(yùn)輸?shù)模词姑刻走\(yùn)輸單據(jù)注明的裝運(yùn)日期不同,只要運(yùn)輸單據(jù)注明的目的地相同,也不視為分批裝運(yùn)。
信用證中常見的分批/轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)條款有:
Partial shipments are allowed and transshipment is allowed. 分批裝運(yùn)和轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)是被允許的。
Transshipment and Partial shipment prohibited. 不允許分裝運(yùn)和轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)。
Partial shipment is allowed and transshipment is authorized at Hongkong only.
分批裝運(yùn)允許,轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)僅允許在香港。
Shipment from Shanghai to Singapore without partial shipment/transshipment.
從上海裝運(yùn)到新加坡,不允許分批/轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)。
Transshipment is allowed provided“Through Bill of Lading” are presented.
如提交聯(lián)運(yùn)提單,轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)允許。
(八)信用證中“特別條款”(Special Clauses/Conditions)的表述
信用證中的特別條款主要是依據(jù)銀行和買賣雙方交易的具體需要,以及進(jìn)口國(guó)的政治經(jīng)濟(jì)和貿(mào)易政策等的變化而定的。常見的條款有:
1、議付與索償條款(Negotiation and Reimbursement)
議付和索償條款一般是開證銀行對(duì)于議付行的指示,但是也涉及到各方的利益,常見的條款有:
Upon presentation of the documents strictly complied with all credit terms, we authorize you to draw on our H/O reimbursement a/c value five working days later under authenticated SWIFT advice to us without any
收到單證嚴(yán)格相符的單據(jù)后,我們(開證行)授權(quán)貴行向我總行索償,5個(gè)工作日起息,SWIFT通知我行,費(fèi)用由貴方承擔(dān)。
At maturity, we shall pay to the negotiating bank as instructed by T/T for documents which are in compliance with credit terms and conditions. Telex charges are for account of beneficiary.
單證嚴(yán)格相符,到期日,我行將用電匯方式償付貴行,此電報(bào)費(fèi)由受益人承擔(dān)。
In reimbursement, please drawn on our Head Office account with your London office.
償付辦法: 請(qǐng)從我總行在貴行倫敦分行的賬戶內(nèi)支取。
You are authorized to reimburse yourself for the amount of your negotiation by drawing as per
arrangement on our account with Standard Chartered Bank London.
茲授權(quán)貴行索償議付金額,按約定辦法,請(qǐng)向標(biāo)準(zhǔn)渣打銀行倫敦分行我賬戶內(nèi)支取。
Negotiating bank may claim reimbursement by T/T on the Bank of China New York branch certifying that the credit terms have been complied with.
議付行證明本信用證條款已履行,可按電匯索償條款向中國(guó)銀行紐約分行索回貨款。
2、傭金/折扣條款(Commission and discount)
信用證中常常有傭金和折扣條款,其表現(xiàn)形式各不一樣,有的稱為明傭,有的稱之為暗傭,在信用證中的表示經(jīng)常是這樣的:
Signed commercial invoice must show 5% commission. 簽署商業(yè)發(fā)票須顯示5%的傭金。
Beneficiary’s drafts are to be made out for 95% of invoice value. being 5% commission payable to credit opener.
受益人的匯票按發(fā)票金額的95%開具,5%作為傭金付給受益人。
5% commission to be deducted from the invoice value. 5%傭金須在發(fā)票金額中扣除。
At the time of negotiation, you will be paid less 5%, being commission payable to M/S…….and this should be incorporated on the bank’s covering schedule.
在銀行議付時(shí),須扣除5%的金額作為付給某先生的傭金,此傭金應(yīng)填入議付銀行的面函。
Drafts to be drawn for full value less5% commission, invoice to show full value.
匯票按CIF 總金額減少5% 開具,發(fā)票須表明CIF 的全部金額。
Less 5% commission to be shown on separate statement only. 5%的傭金用單獨(dú)的聲明書列出。
The price quoted include a discount of 5% which must be shown on your final invoice, but is to
be the subject of a separate credit note, the amount of which is to be deducted from your drafts.
信用證所列價(jià)格包括5% 折扣在內(nèi),最后發(fā)票應(yīng)開列未扣除5% 折扣的價(jià)格,但須另出一份扣傭通知書,匯票金額則扣除此項(xiàng)折扣金額。
3、費(fèi)用條款(Charges)
信用證上一般都列有費(fèi)用條款,多數(shù)信用證規(guī)定,開證行的費(fèi)用由開證人負(fù)擔(dān),開證國(guó)(地區(qū))以外的銀行費(fèi)用由受益人承擔(dān)。
All banking charges outside Korea and reimbursing charges are for account of beneficiary.
所有韓國(guó)以外的費(fèi)用及償付行費(fèi)用由受益人承擔(dān)。
All your commission and charges are for beneficiaries account including reimbursement bank payment commission and charges.
所有你方的費(fèi)用及傭金由受益人承擔(dān),包括償付行的費(fèi)用在內(nèi)。
Charges must be claimed either as they arise or in no circumstances later than the date of negotiation.
一切費(fèi)用須于發(fā)生時(shí)或不遲于議付期索償。
Port congestion surcharges, if any, at the time of shipment is for opener’s account.
裝運(yùn)時(shí)如產(chǎn)生港口擁擠費(fèi),須由開證人承擔(dān)。
All banking charges outside of opening bank are for beneficiary’s account.
開證行以外的所有銀行費(fèi)用由受益人承擔(dān)。
4、其他條款
If the documents presented with any discrepancies from beneficiary to your good bank or
we find any discrepancies when we received the documents we will claim USD50.00 for each discrepant.
如果提示的單據(jù)中有受益人和你方銀行的不符點(diǎn),或者我們收到單據(jù)后發(fā)現(xiàn)任何不符之處,每一不符點(diǎn),我們將扣除50美元。
If the terms and conditions of this credit are not acceptable to you, please contact the openers for necessary amendments.
如你方不接受本信用證條款,請(qǐng)與開證人聯(lián)系以作必要修改。
Documents to be presented within 15 days after shipment date but within the validity of the credit.
單據(jù)于裝運(yùn)日期后15天內(nèi)提示銀行,但必須在信用證的有效期內(nèi)。
Shipping documents issued by following shipping companies are not acceptable.
由以下船公司出的運(yùn)輸單據(jù)是不能接受的。
Negotiation of this credit is restricted to yourselves. 本信用證限制于你行議付(指通知行)。
All documents except Bill of Lading should show this L/C number and date.
除了提單外的所有單據(jù)都須顯示信用證號(hào)碼和日期。
Credit Number、full name and address of the opener and notify party have to be mentioned on all documents.
信用證號(hào)碼、開證人的全稱和地址及通知人須打在所有單據(jù)上。
This Letter of Credit is transferable in China only, in the event of a transfer, a letter from
the first beneficiary must accompany the documents for negotiation.
本信用證僅允許在中國(guó)轉(zhuǎn)讓,如有轉(zhuǎn)讓,第一受益人須有書面轉(zhuǎn)讓文書連同單據(jù)一起議付。
Both quantity and amount for each item 10% more or less are allowed.
每一項(xiàng)目的數(shù)量和金額均允許有10%的增減。
In case discrepant documents are presented, we shall deduct USD55.00 for each discrepant.
如提示不符單據(jù),每一不符點(diǎn),我行將扣除55美元。
(九)、開證行“保證條款”(Warranties of Issuing Bank)的表述
開證行的保證條款,在信用證中常見的表現(xiàn)形式有:
We hereby undertake all drafts drawn under and in compliance with the terms and conditions of this letter of credit will be duly honoured on presentation at this office.
凡按本信用證所列條款開具并提示的匯票,我行保證承兌。
We hereby engage with drawers and/or bona fide holder that drafts drawn and negotiated on
presentation and that drafts accepted within the terms of this credit will be duly honoured at
茲對(duì)出票人及/或善意持票人保證,凡按本信用證開具及議付的匯票一經(jīng)提交即予承兌;凡依本證條款承兌之匯票,到期即予照付。
(十)、 跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例文句在信用證中的表示文句
This reimbursement instruction is subject to ICC Uniform Rules for bank to bank reimbursement(URR525).
This credit is issued subject to the U.C.P. for documentary credits, 1993 revision, I.C.C. Publications No.500.
Except as otherwise expressly stated herein, this credit is subject to the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary credits UCP(1993 Revision)International Chamber of Commerce Publication No,500.
除非另有規(guī)定外,本信用證根據(jù)國(guó)際商會(huì)1993年修訂本第500號(hào)出版物“跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例”辦理